Manufacture of combs.



F. WIELAND.

MANUFAGTURB 0F GOMBS.

APPLIUATION FILED JULY 26, 191s.

1,092,883. Patented 111111111914,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. WIBLAND.

MANUFAGTURB 0F COMES.

APPLICATION FILED JULY26, 1913.

1,092,883. Patented A191214, 1914. i 4 SHEETS-SHEET a. l

17g. f4 L IHIIIIIIIIII IIHI llllllllllll F. WIELAND.

MANUFAGTURE OF COMBS.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 2e, 1913.

1,092,888. y 1 Patented Aprl.1u4, 1914,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

N' F5713 'l l 19 49 'Y ln1-i P I .QZ

*V210v (g2 z L w F721 -FBIEDRGH WIELAND; or POUGHKEEPSIE, NEW

eoinramr, or New rome N. y., A CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY.

fr cern.:

Viiv* FRmDmorI'WiELAND, a

attenere eersten@ can. by; thin are defined' atf their, sides'l proJecting portions, i land' it'lfwill L be `notedf that the correprjecting .portions on l.op]g osi n Idies 'cliselyfapproacheach other about midwa thejteeth of 'thefecom'bfwhen the latter is eigpressed 'between thedies a-t or' near Ithe y"enfd' 4of the f pressing operation'. One or both'-setsfthe a "acent .portions of these projections provided with cutting edges l 'thatx't'eiid alongjand adjacentto the teeth `that yhave"beentorined lin the grooves in the jdieffTh'el projecting portions on at least one the cuttiiigledges so jasyvtodprovide' a' receiv- 'iigisl" 'cle wherebystock 'not requiredy for'the fffmationgdfthe"pai-emular 'Comb may` be left'iwitha" 'subs antialfthickness; The cut-` tifl'rgA 'edges o'"'oiieM the dies'score or groove tl'li niat'eri'atltiogthe teethf` and cooperate with'the opposing projecting portions on. the

companion' dietfwhich'flast mentioned portions"rnay'y r""`1iiay" not'be provided with grooved portions ,between .ciitting*'edges, and

comb are fully described in the Plcations for. United States Letters prerelrly. Generated; Inga ccimb, blankV yin 'se mayer-ravida withr v'ofitleidies"aiya'preferably grooved between gemela" 'Shape praised bef f Yoan, AssreNoR To THE ARLINGTON putative-,medien as, ieiaj'` serial No. 781,355.

. I'tween/ the dies, practically all of the stock vnot requiredfor the formation of the-particular comb will be left with substantial thickness and will adhere to the comb `by a thin fin or web. 'llhe' comb blank above referred to, dies that may be employed in the manufacture of saldblank and a method of `manufacturing combsbyjfirst forming such a comb blank and nally finishing theblank to form a pending ap- Patent, by myonly erial Nos, 580,950 and 580,951,.filed lself on ISeptember' 8th, 1910.

One objectof the present inventionis to shape, by pressing between dies, a comb having the back thereof substantially thicker than the thickness of the stock from which the comb is formed. t

t The above and other objects of the invention will be more fully described hereinafter inthe specification and will also be pointed out more fully in the following claim'.

.As showing certain embodiment-s of the invention .reference is made to the drawings forming a 'part -Figure 1 is a of this specicationyand in plan view of a supporting die. for shaping a pair of combs arranged back to back .l-Fig. '2 is a partial side and verticalseetional view taken on the line 2-2 looking inthe direction of the arrows. In this view the upper die is shown in juxtaposition'on the lower or supporting die'. Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view through the comb back forming depression and I.a tooth i forming depression in the die. This View is 3-3 of Fig, 1. Fig-4 is a taken on the line vertical sectional view' through the comb back forming depression and a. depression llocated between cutting or scoring edges in a projecting part between adjacent teeth or'ming depressions orinatrices. This View is taken on the line 1 -4 of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a piece of stock that may be utilized. in the. production of combs by thedies illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. G is a lan view of an end portion of a comb blang partially shaped and illustrates the .appearance of thesame when the dies have beenfo'rced'only partially together. Fig. 7

yis a plan view showing the appearance of a comb blank when removed from the dies at theend of the pressing operation. Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 8 8 of Fig. 7. Fig. 9 is a sectional view taken on the line 9-9 of Fig. 7. Fig. 10 is a plan view showing an end portion of the comb formed from the blank illustrated in Fig. 7-

immediately after the removal of the superiuous stock which was of substantial thickness. F ig. 11 is a plan view of a portion of the superfluous stock such as was removed from the partially iinished comb illustrated in Fig. 10. Fig. l2 is a sectional view taken on the line 12-12 of Fig. 11. Fig.13 is a transverse vertical sectional view of a modified form of die for use in the forming of comb blanks., Fig. 14 is a plan view of the supporting die shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 15 is a vertical sectional view showing in cross section the dies arranged in juxtaposition with a piece ot stock pressed-therebetween. The projectingv portions between the teeth forming matrices in the upper die shown in Fig. 15 are provided with grooved portions between cutting or scoring edges that extend along the teeth, which cutting or scoring edges are located adjacent to the teeth and are on said `projecting portions. This ligure illustrates a section taken on the line 1li-15 of Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a transverse sectional view through the toot-h and back portion of a pair of combs in a comb blank such as is produced in the dies illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15. This ligure also shows in dotted lines the cross section of the piece of stock. which was utilized to produce this comb blank. Fig. 17 is a plan view of a rectangular piece of stock which may be utilized in the production of combs in saidA dies. Fig. 18 is a View of an end portion of thenished comb; Fig. 19 is a sectional view taken on the line 19-19 of Fig. 18; Fig. 20 is a sectional view of a single tooth taken as on the line 20-20 of Fig. 19; Fig. 21 is a sectional View taken as on the line S21-21 of Fig. 19.

The reference character 1 designates a lower or supporting die which may be utilized in the production of combs from celluloid or like substances when in a plastic condition. A cooperating die 2 is located above the lower or supporting die and is provided with suitable pins 3 that enter the holes 4 in the lower die to serve as a guiding means whereby the two dies will properly register when they are forced together by a. hydraulic press or any other suitable pressing means. The upper and lower companion dies are each provided with comb Jforming matrices which comprise longitudinally extending depressions 5 in which the back portions of the combs are formed, the large transversely extending depressions 6 at the ends of the matrices in which the end teeth are formed and the intermediate transversely extending depressions 7 in which the intermediate teeth of the comb are formed.

From an inspection of Figs. 1 and 2 it will be observed that each of the dies is provided with projecting portions 8. that are located between the depressions 7 in which the intermediate teeth are formed.- rThe projecting portions 8 on the opposing dies coperatie and oppose each other and each of said p rojections is provided with cutting or scoring edges 8a between which are located the grooved portions 8b which are clearly illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 4.

When a piece of stock such as Celluloid in plastic condition is pressed between comb forming dies having between the tooth' forming depressions coperating projecting ortions which oppose each other and wich approach each other about midway of the teeth of the combs, it is impossible to press the dies together a suliicient amount to force from between the dies all of the material not required in the particular comb.

In order that any superfluous material remaining after the pressing or shaping operation may be readily removed, the dies shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 4 have been provided on the projecting portions between the toothforming depressions with cutting edges 8a,v between which are located the grooved portions Sb. Due to the grooved portions 8" the superfluous material that is located between the teeth will be permitted to retain a substantial thickness.l During the 'pressing operation some of the superfluous material will be permitted to tlow along the grooved portions 8b as the dies are forced together. The cutting or scoring edges 8a that areon the projections and that are located alongE the comb teeth, cut or score the material so that the comparatively thick port-ion between the comb teeth will be connected while in the comb blank to said teeth only by a thin frail web. It will also be observed that the dies terminate at practically the free ends of the comb teeth so that any excess material which is located along said free ends at the termination of the operation of pressing or shaping the comb blank willbe eX- truded beyond the dies and will be connected to the rest of the comb by merely a thin web. The dies are also grooved at 9 to receive any excess material which is located at the end portions of the comb blank.

It will be noted that' either the lower or supporting die or the upper die or both the said dies may be provided with cutting edges, as indicated by reference character 9a, whereby said superfluous material ,at the end of the comb blank will adhere to the comb merely by a thin frail web which extends along the outer portions ofthe end teeth of the comb.

Apiece of celluloidstockvsuitable for use in the manufacturing of combs by means of the dies 'illustrated in Figs. 1 to 4 is shown -in Fig. 5 and is designated by the reference Lcaaeaa tween the teethand which is of material thicknessis designated by 14 and from a .sie

careful inspection of said Figs. 7 to 9 it will be apparent that' all of the superliuous stock' adheres to the finallyl shaped combs, that are arrangedback to back, merelyby the thin webs 12, 18a and 14, Consequently all of this superfluous stock can be readily removed from the combs simply by applying suiiicient 'pressure upon the portion of the stock desired to .be removed to rupture thethin frail webs which connect said stock to the rest. of the comb proper.

In Fig. 6 there isillustrated the way in which a comb blank may appear at an intermediate stage of thepressing operation. In other words, the dies have not been completely forced 4together and thus in this figure there is shown a comb only partially formed.v

The superfluous stock may be removed all at once or-in large pieces as illustrated in Fig. 1 1. In Fig. 12 it will be clearly seen that the superfluous portion of the material which has been removed from between the teeth of the comb is of substantial thickness.

The appearance of the comb immediately after the superfluous stock has been removed therefrom is illustrated in Fig. 10. In this Y* ligure it will be apparent that there are small portions 12", 13? and 14X of the thin webs which must be buiied oli after the webs have been broken in the removal of the etv superfluous stockl from the comb. Since these portionsof the webs which must be butfed olf are Jcomparatively small, it will be manifest that very little work is necessary in the operation of nishing the comb.

In Figs. 1, 3 and 4 it will be observed that each of the dies is provided with alongitudinally extending ridge 15 that separates the comb formin matrices on oppositesides thereof. The ridge 15 in the lower die is opposed-'by a similarridge 15 in the upper 513.5-v

die and the twov together coperate to force acertain portion of the material laterally into the comb forming matrices or recesses on opposite sides thereof. These ridges alsov closely approach each other, whereby only a thin web will connect the combs which are arranged back to back in the blank. This web is designated by the reference character 15a in Fig. 8.

In Fig. 13 the longitudinally extending ridge 16' is wider than ridge 15 illustrated in the dies Figs. 3 and 4 in orderthat more material may be forced laterally into 4the comb receivingmatriceslfl'? on oppomaking the groove 18Yvery. small a com paratively 'large amount of material will be forced laterally into the Acomb forming matrices, whereas if the groove 18 is made much larger a correspondingly less amount of material will consequently be' forced laterally into said matrices.

In Figs. 14 and 15 dies are illustrated 'for form-ing thecomb blank shown' in cross sec-- tion in Fig. 16, from which comb blank the comb illustrated more in detail in Figs. 18 to 20 is produced.

From'an inspection of Figs. 14 and15 it will be observed that the projecting portions 19 betweenthe teeth formin depressions on the lower die 20-are not' provi ed with grooves between scoring or cutting" edges thatare arranged'adjacent to the teeth. The roject-ing portions 21 between the teeth formf ing depressions on the upper die, however, are provided with the grooved portions 21" that are located between the cuttin edges 21's which' are arranged along the teet The grooved portions 21", however, are practically the same as the function of the cutting edges 8a and the grooved portions 8b show and describedl in connection with Figs. 1

and 2.

In Fig. it will be observed that the *su-` perluous stock 22 which is located between the teeth- 23, and also the superiiuous stock 24X are both of substantial thickness. This stock is all connected to the rest of the comb only by thin frail webs as 23x "and 24y thatV are readily broken.

A piece of stock which is utilizedin the manufacture of the combs, shown in detail in Figs. 18 to 20, by means of the dies shown in Figs. 14 and 15, is designated in Figs. 16 and 17 by the `reference character X. From the rst mentioned figure it will be observed that the stock is of much less thickness than the thickness of the final comb and is also of less width than is the width of the comb blank at the end of the pressing operation. As a matter of fact, in the pressing of this particular piece of stock X be-` tween the dies Villustrated in Figs. 14 and 15, the stock from which the comb blank is made is materially -thickened during the pressing operation and is also spread terally sufficient to form the comb blank illus.- trated in sections in Figs. 15 and 16,'and which is designated X. Similar remarks also apply to the 'comb blank illustrated in Figs. 7 to 9, and which lis made from the .function of the cutting edges 21*l andthe nsf rectangular' strip of stock 10 illustrated in' Fig. 5. The piece of stock is thinner than the comb backs, as will be noted from an inspection of Figs. 5 and 8.

From an inspection of Figs. 14 to 16, andl also from what has preceded. in the body f this specification, it will be noted that a pair of combs'are formed back to back `from a strip of stock which presents a surplus of material atthe points between the backs of the combs and an insuiiicicncy of material at the adjacent backformin portions, but that when the dies arepresse together so as to form the connected comb blanks shown/in Fig.v 16, the superiuous materialfbetween the backs -will'be caused to flow toward and into the back forming portions `oi. the comb to supply some material for said back portions.

The comb which is made from the blank Idesignated Xf is illustrated in Fig. 18-.and

` is designated by the reference character Y. In the comb blank the combs are arranged back to back. Subsequently they are broken apart and the superuous stock is removed by the severing of' the frail webs. The combs are then finished as by buiiing or in any other suitable manner.

Fig. 19 is a cross section taken on thel line 19-19 of Fig. 18 and shows the true shape of the dies 20 and 2l is rounded at 21y so portion. Consequently there is little likelihood of the teeth being broken from the back of the comb at that point, as is the case with cut combs'of the present day.

The improvements herein set forth are not limited to the precise construction and arrangement of parts shown and described, as they may be embodied in various forms and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

What I claim is:

The process of forming combs back to back from a` strip of stock having a surplus of material at the points between the backs and an insuiiiciency of material at the adjacent back forming portions, 4said process consisting in placing said strip of stock between a pair of opposed dies and pressing said dies toward each other to cause the surplus. material between the backs to flow toward and into the back forming portions to supply some material for the latter.

This specification signed and witnessed this 24th day of July, A. ID. 1913.

FRIEDRICH WIELAND.

Signed in the presence of- G. MGGRANN, EDWIN A. PACKARD.

Uopiu ot lthis patent may be obtained for ive cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C." 

